Computer Motherboard Components
Motherboard
The motherboard is called PCB, which means
"printed circuit board" The motherboard is also known as the
mainboard, system board, baseboard, circuit board, logic board, or planar board
on a computer. A motherboard is a PCB with expandable capacity. All the components
that the CPU needs to work can connect to the motherboard.
The motherboard is the connectivity point
that is the backbone of the computer's central communications. Through which
all components and peripherals can connect to the motherboard through its
expansion slots.
The motherboard has many electronic
components, such as the central processing unit (CPU), RAM, memory, and other
computer hardware. The motherboard allows all these components to communicate
with each other. It also provides connectors for other peripherals. The
motherboard consists of several subsystems, such as the central processor, the
chipset's input, output, memory controller, interface connector, and other
components.
The motherboard consists of peripherals,
interface cards. It also includes sound cards, video cards, network cards, and
hard drives. It also has TV tuner cards, cards that provide additional USB or
FireWire slots, and other custom components. The motherboard that connects all
these elements is the link.
A manufacturer's motherboard will support a
specific type of CPU and a few different types of memory. But it does not
necessarily support video cards, hard drives, and other peripherals. The choice
of motherboard depends on your options.
The Function of a Motherboard
All the parts of the computer can connect
through the motherboard. Include CPUs, memory, hard drives, optical drives,
video cards, sound cards, other ports, and expansion cards. The components are
connected to the motherboard directly or via cable. So the motherboard is
called the mother of the computer as well as the backbone of the computer.
Motherboard Components
While the motherboard is working on the PC,
it needs various components to play its role. Following is a list of some
motherboard components.
Expansion Slots
An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard used to insert an expansion card (or circuit board), which provides
the computer with additional features such as video, sound, advanced graphics,
Ethernet, or memory. Up to 19 extension cards can install in the backplane
system.
ISA Slot
The ISA slots are designed to connect
peripheral cards to the motherboard. It was the oldest expansion slot in the
history of motherboards. They were found on the AT board and were identified in
black. A traditional display card or sound card can install in this slot. The
form of ISA is Industry Standard Architecture, and it is a 16-bit bus.
PCI Slot
Peripheral component interconnects, or PCI
is the most common way to connect an add-on controller card and other devices
to a computer's motherboard. This type of connector originated in the early 1990s and is still in use today. Currently, there are three main PCI
motherboard connectors.
64 bit PCI
32 bit PCI and PCI-X
PCI Express (PCI-E)
Each PCI slot type looks different and
accepts different devices. Placing a PCI card in the wrong slot will damage the
card and potentially destroy the entire computer.
PCIe- Peripheral Component Interconnect express
The PCI-E (Peripheral Component Interconnect
Express) the interface is standard for connecting high-speed components. Each
desktop PC motherboard has several PCI slots that you can use to attach a video
card or graphics card, a red card, a Wi-Fi card, or an SSD (solid-state drive)
add-on card. The types of PCI slots available in your PC will depend on the
motherboard you purchased.
PCI slots come in different physical
configurations. X1, X4, X8, X16, X32. The number after X tells you how many
lanes in the PCI slot? or how the data travels on the PCI card? The PCIA X1 slot has one lane and can move a small amount of data per cycle. The PCIA X2 slot has two lanes and can moves data at two bits per cycle. The PCIe x16 slot
can include a PCIe x1 card, but that card will receive less bandwidth.
Similarly, you can insert a PCIA x8 card into the PCI-X card slot, but it will
only work with half the bandwidth compared to the PCIX8. Many GPUs require a
PCIe x16 slot to operate at their full capacity.
PCI-based AGP ports
AGP is not an interface, but the PCI Express
allows the ACP card on the motherboard to connect to a legacy PCI bus. This
technology uses on motherboards made by ECS. Some motherboards use with the
help of a PCI graphics card without allowing a PCI card to use in the new
motherboard.
AGI- ASRock Graphics Interface
Asrock Graphics Interface (AGI) Accelerated
Graphics Port (AGP) Its purpose is to provide AGP-support for AeSrock
motherboards, which use chipsets that do not have native AGP support. However,
it is not fully compatible with AGP, and most video card chipsets are not
supported.
AGX-
Advanced Graphics eXtended
EPX Advanced Graphics XANDED (AGX) is
another proprietary AGP variant with advantages and disadvantages similar to
AGI. The user manual recommends using an AGP 8 × ATI card with an AGX slot.
XGP- Xtreme Graphics Port
The Biostar Extreme graphics port is another
AGP variant, with the same advantages and disadvantages as AGI and AGX.
AGR-Advanced Graphics Riser
Advanced Graphics Riser is a modified
variant of the AGP port used in some PCI motherboards made by MSI. It is an
improved PCI slot that allows you to effectively perform compared to the AGP 4
x / 8 slot. But not all AGP cards are supported.
RAM-Random Access Memory
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot
allows RAM (computer memory) to insert into the computer. Most motherboards
have two to four memory slots. The most common RAM types are SDRAM and DDR for
desktop computers and SODIMM for laptop computers. There are three slots for a
memory stick on a desktop computer.
SIMM- Single Inline Memory Module
The full form of SIM is a Single Inline
Memory Module. These slots are in older motherboards. SIM supports a 32-bit
bus.
DIMM Slat (DIMM- Double Inline Memory
Module)
The full form of DIMM is a double inline
memory module. These are the latest RAM slots that run on fast 64 bit buses.
DIMM used on a laptop board is called SO-DIMM.
CPU-Central Processing Unit Sockets
In computer hardware, the CPU socket or CPU
slot contains one or more mechanical components. It consists of mechanical and
electrical connections between the microprocessor and the printed circuit
board. It allows the installation and replacement of the central processing
unit without soldering.
Some significant sockets of CPU
Socket 7
Socket 7 is physical and electrical
feature for the X86 style CPU socket on a personal computer motherboard. The
socket acquires the previous Socket 5 and accepts the P5 Pentium microprocessor
manufactured by Intel and compatibles made by Syrix / IBM, AMD, IDT, and
others. It was the only socket that supported CPU and range from different
manufacturers.
Processors that use Socket 7 include AMD K5
and K6 Cyrix 6 x 86 and 6 x 86 MX, IDT Winchip, Intel P P5 Pentium (2.5-3.5v, -
200 MHz), Pentium MMX (166-233 MHz), And Rise Technology MP3.
Socket 7 uses a 321 pin (compatible as 19 by
19 pin) SPGA ZIF socket 296 pin (arranged as 37 by 37 pin) SPGA LIF sockets.
The size is 1.95 "x 1.95" (4.95 cm
x 4.95 cm).
AMD has extended the expansion of Socket 7,
Super Socket 7 for their K6-2 and K6-III processors to operate at higher clock
rates and use AGP.
Socket 370
Socket 370 is also called PGA 370 socket. It
is a CPU socket first used by Intel with Pentium-3 and Celeron processors.
"370" refers to the number of pinholes in the socket for the CPU pin.
Socket 370 was replaced by Socket 423 in 2000.
Socket 775
The LGA 775 (Land Grid Array 775), also
known as Socket T, is an Intel desktop CPU socket. Unlike previous ordinary CPU
sockets, such as its predecessor Socket 478, the LGA 775 has no socket holes.
Socket 1156
Found in newer types of motherboards, this
is an 1156 pin socket. It supports the latest Intel i3, i5, and i7 processors.
Socket 1366
This socket has 1366 pins and supports the
i7 9900 K processor. 1366 (Socket B)
sockets acquired by BIOS, the full form of BIOS is the Basic Input Output
System. It is a motherboard component in the form of an integrated chip. This
chip contains all the information and settings of the motherboard.
CMOS Battery
A battery or cell is a 3.0-volt lithium-ion
button cell. The cell is responsible for storing information in the BIOS, and
the complete form is a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor. Usually. The CMOS battery code is CR2032.
Power Connectors
AT Connector
The power connectors for AT motherboards are
two nearly identical 6-pin plugs and sockets. As designed by International
Business Machines (IBM), the connectors mechanically keyed so that each can
insert in its correct position. But some clone manufacturers cut costs and used
unkeyed (interchangeable) connectors.
ATX Connector
New in the series of power connectors, they
are 20 or 24 pin female connectors. Found in all new types of motherboards.
IDE Connector
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
connectors can use to interface disk drives. The 40 pins male connector IDE is
used to connect the hard disk drive, and the 34 pins male connector can connect
to the floppy disk drive.
SATA Connector
SATA is a computer bus interface that
connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives,
optical drives, and solid-state drives. Serial Advanced Technology Attachments
(SATA) are 7-pin connectors. They are much faster than the IDE interface.
Conclusion
From the above information, we can conclude
that the motherboard is a connector to connect components through slots. It has
different connectors. Types of motherboard connectors are the CPU Socket, Memory
Sockets, Hard Drive Connectors, Floppy Drive Connector, Peripheral Connectors,
Add-on Card Connectors, Power Connector, and Case Connectors. All these
components are essential for performing the computer correctly and efficiently.
Thanks!